第一章 句子結構與種類 (講義)

第一章 句子結構與種類

〈 第一節〉 句子的結構

任何一個句子 ，一定由主詞及動詞形成。

主詞（具備名詞性質）	動詞（be V 或一般 的
The boy	is quiet.
We	study hard.
Jogging	is fun.
To pass the exam	is important.
That he failed	made me sad.
When to leave	is not sure.

〈 第二節〉 句子的種類

肯定直述句：He drinks tea every day.

直述句 才

否定直述句：I don t know him.

「 一般問句（Yes/No 間句） :Can we go now?

疑問句 才

疑問句（Wh一問句） :What did you eat?

 

「 Sit down, please.

祈使句 才

lDon t open the door.

祈使句表示 「 命令 、請求 、勸告 、禁止 」

（人稱前後要逗點 請 ﹝please﹞ 放後面要逗點）

（人稱和 please 不可同時放句尾）

(1） 肯定祈使句 ：

Sally, stand up, please. = Sally, please stand up. = Please stand up, Sally.

(2） 否定祈使句 ：

Fred, please don t worry.= Fred, don t WO汀y, please.= Please don t WO叮y, Fred.

感嘆句 ：

How + adj + N (+S+V) How nice a girl she is.

What + N + (S+V)

What a nice girl she is.

﹝小心﹞ 主詞是複數峙，只用 What + adj + N(s) + S+V

〈 第三節〉 否定句、疑問句

否定句

be V	be V + not	. I m (Iam) not her husband. · Sue wasn t (was not) a teacher. · They weren t (were not) at home.
一般動詞	don’t/doesn’t/didn t + V 原	· I don t eat beef. · He doesn ‘t have any friend. · We didn t go out last night.
情態助動詞	can/will/may/must/could/should/ would + not +V 原．．．？	· I can t play the piano. · She won t come. · You shouldn t tell lies. · They wouldn t listen to me. · Tom couldn t swim before.

疑問句

1. 一般問句(Yes/No 問句）：出直述句變化而成 ，皆可用 Yes/No 回答。

be V	Be V ＋ 主詞 ？	· Are you at home? · Is 也is your notebook?
一般動詞	Do/Does/Did ＋主詞 ＋V 原．．？	·Do you like movies? · Does she play the guitar? ﹒Did he come home last night?
情態助動詞	Can/Will/May/Must/Could/ Should/Would ＋ 主詞 ＋V 原	·May I come in? ·Must we enter that cave? · Would you mind opening the window for me?

（ 1） 簡答峙，怎麼問就怎麼答 。

·Did you have lunch? Yes, I 坐且．

·Has he sent the letter? No, he hasn t. (2） 否定疑問句：認為肯定 ，就答 Yes

認為否定 ，就答 No Aren’t you happy? Yes, I am.

No, 1m not.

2. 疑問句（wh 間句）

長這去
what	· What is this? （東西） · What are you talking about? （事情） · What is Tom? （職業） · What color is his hair?
who	· Who is it? （誰） · Who is that girl? （關係） ·Whose coffee is this? It s his. （誰的） 一所有格 · To whom did you talk? （正式）一 受格 = Who did you talk to?
when	· When is her birthday?
where	· Where were you born?
why	· Why are you late for my class? · Why not go with us?
which	· Which do you want,coffee or tea? （哪一個） · Which h旦主 is your son?
how	· How is your mom? · How do you go to school? · How is the weather? · How about a cup of coffee? · How come you left him?

﹛

who, what, which 當主詞 ，雖為疑問句 ，但用直述句寫法。

﹛

Who does he like ? Who ate up the cake ?

What di 加

﹛ 帆

引That happened to you ? h ag di ke ?

Which guy paid for our meal ?

義 〈臨基測試題 〉

( ) 1. Robert: Where are the boys playing?

Barbie:

(A) After school. (B) Under the tree. (C) On Sunday. (D) To the park. ( ) 2. Fred: That s a great song! Who it?

Jean: A-mei did. She is my favorite singer.

(90-2 基測）

(A) sang (B) heard (C) drew

(D) reached (91-1 基測）

( ) 3. Simon: Why Jerry and Lisa play cards wi出us?

Henry: Because they want to go to the movies.

(A) don t (B) isn t (C) aren’t (D) doesn’t (91-1 基測）

( ) 4. Louise: How does the dress look on me?

Debbie: Well, not bad, but it s a little too long. Why don t you 一一一＿ one in a smaller size?

(A) build (B) see (C) use (D） 向 (91-1 基測）

( ) 5. Tina: The bread looks delicious! You want to buy some?

Carl: I’d love tο but I don t have money with me now.

(A) no (B) all (C) any (D) some (91-2 基測）

( ) 6. 一一一一＿ carefully before you buy a new house.

(A) Thi此ing (B) To think (C) Thinks ( ) 7. Lucy: is Ted doing in the kitchen?

Ryan: He s cooking dinner for us.

(A) What (B) Wl時間 (C) Who ( ) 8. A-ming: Dad, can I go dancing tomorrow?

(D) Think (92-1基測）

(D) Why (93-1 基測）

Mr.Wu: your homework and we’ll talk about it.

(A) Finishes (B) Finishing (C) To finish (D) Finish ( ) 9. Judy: The b叫l game will be on TV tomorrow at six in the morning.

Lucy: up early and you won t miss it.

(93-2 基測）

(A) Get (B) To get (C) Getting (D) Gets (94-1 基測）

) 10. Sarah: does your little sister get up?

Willy: About six.

(A) How often (B) How old (C) What day (D) What time (94-2 基測）

) 11. Paul: Sally s father a businessman?

Carl:I don t think so. I remember he teaches English.

(A) Are (B) Is (C) Do (D) Does (94-2 基測）

( ) 12. Susan: Do you know you have talked on the phone? Aren t you thirsty?

Walter: Oh, come on! I ve only talked for thirty minutes!

(A) how old (B) how often (C) how many (D) how long (95-1 基測）

( ) 13. Wendy: Do you know where the library is?

Simon: Just going for two more blocks and you’ll see it.

(A) keep (B) to keep (C) keeping (D) keeps (95-1 基測）

( ) 14. Kevin: sweater looks better on me, the red one or the blue one?

Betty: The red one, I think.

(A) Which (B) How (C) Wh叮e (D) What ( ) 15. Emma: umbrella is it?

Sherry: It sAnn ‘s. She forgot to take it home.

(95-2 基測）

(A) What (B) Where (C) WI叫 ( ) 16. Andy: Did Mary that square watch?

Lucy: Yes, shejust bought it.

(D) Whose (96-2 基潰。

(A) buy (B) buys (C) bought (D) has bought (96-2基測）

( ) 17. Kathy: your French class, Jerry?

Je叮y: I couldn t understand a word the first month, but it s getting better now.

(A) How’s (B) What s (C) When is (D) Which is (97-1 基測）

( ) 18. Daisy: I went to Taitung to visit my uncle there.

Grace: Really? were you there? Daisy: For two weeks.

(A) How long (B) How often

嗔干涉 〈 鵬總〉

(C) How soon (D) What time

(97-2 基調U)

( ) 1. My little brother, Darren, a good student. He never goes to school late.

(A) be (B) are (C） 的 （D) does ( ) 2. Ellen: How 缸e you doing?

Peter:

(A) I am a school teacher. (C) I m listening to music.

( ) 3.A: Isn t John your boyfriend?

B:

(A) Yes, he isn t my boy仕iend. (B) No, he isn t my boyfriend.

(C) Yes, he is your boyfriend. (D) No, he is my boyfriend.

( ) 4. Study harder, (A) and	you 11 fail the exam. (B) but (C）。r	(D) so
( ) 5. Get up early, (A) and	you can catch the school bus. (B) but (C) or	(D) so

( ) 6. A: It s dark outside. How can we get to 出e ai叩0此？

B: .It d be safer.

(A) How about take a taxi?

(C) How about taking a taxi? ( ) 7. A: I don t like Chinese class.

B:

(B) Why not taking a taxi?

(D) How come we take a 個xi?

A: It s boring, and I always 臼II asleep in class.

(A) Why? (B) Why not? (C) What? ( ) 8. an exciting story you told me.

(A) How (B) Such (C) What ( ) 9. wonderful holidays we had in Paris.

(A) What (B) Such (C) How

( ) 10. 選錯誤的句子

(D) How?

(D) That

(D) These

(A) Nelson, please open the door. (B) Open the door, please, Nelson.

(C) Nelson, open the door, please. (D) Please open the door, Nelson.

模擬磊施解答

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