英文(2) Lesson Review 1 : How Do You Take Your Tea, High or Low?(你要平民茶，還是貴族茶) … 綜合整理
How Do You Take Your Tea, High or Low?
你要平民茶，還是貴族茶?
第一段
Few would disagree that sipping hot tea in the late afternoon is one of life’s great pleasures. It doesn’t matter whether you’re a big tea drinker or not; you certainly have heard of this delightful British custom. But do you know who started this tea-drinking tradition? And are you aware that the British have both “low” and “high” tea?
很少有人會反對說，傍晚啜飲熱茶是人生一大享受。不管你常不常喝茶，你一定聽說過這個令人愉快的英式習慣。但你知道誰創立了這個喝茶的傳統嗎？你知道英國人有貴族茶（”高”茶），也有平民茶（”低”茶）嗎？
分析與解析
-
Few would disagree that…
- few 等同 few people，意思是「很少人」，為否定說法。
- sipping hot tea 是動名詞作主詞，視為單數，故動詞為 is。
-
It doesn’t matter whether…
- It doesn’t matter whether+ S + V +or not 不重要。It 是虛主詞，whether+ S + V +or not 才是語意的主詞，or not 可以省略。
-
But do you know who started this tea-drinking tradition?
- who started… 是由 wh- 疑問詞 who 引導的名詞子句，作為 know 的受詞。
-
And are you aware that…
- be aware that+ S +V / be aware of+ N 察覺、知道。
- the British 等同 British people，意思是「全體英國人」。
第二段
In England, afternoon tea can typically be described as sitting down for some time between 3 and 6 p.m. to enjoy not only tea but also snacks such as sandwiches, scones, and cakes. Some believe that the English duchess Anna Russell started this pleasant pastime in the mid-1800s. At the time, members of the upper class normally had a light lunch and late dinner. However, Lady Russell grew desperately hungry between meals and could never make it to dinnertime. Her solution to this daily struggle was to ask for some snacks and tea at 4 p.m. She later started inviting friends over for the affair, and because of this, her idea soon spread throughout British high society.
在英國，下午茶一般而言可以被形容為下午三點到六點之間坐下來享受的時間，不只享用茶，也享用點心，如三明治、司康餅和蛋糕。有些人相信，Anna Russell 這位英國公爵夫人在1800年代中期發起了這個令人愉快的消遣。在當時，上流社會人士通常午餐吃得清淡，晚餐吃得晚。然而，Russell夫人在兩餐之間餓得受不了，從未能撐到晚餐時間。對於每日的掙扎，她的解決之道是在下午四點要求僕人送一些點心和茶上來。後來，她開始邀請朋友過來共襄盛舉。因這緣故，她的想法很快地傳遍到英國的上流社會。
分析與解析
-
In England, afternoon tea…
- in +國家/洲/城市 表示「在…」。
- be described as… 被形容為…。
-
Some believe that the English duchess…
- Anna Russell 為 the English duchess 的同位語，進一步說明這位公爵夫人是誰。
-
At the time, members of the upper class…
- at the time 意思是「當時」。
-
Her solution to this daily struggle…
- solution to + N/V-ing …的解決方法。
-
She later started inviting friends…
- invite sb. over 邀請某人到家裡。
第三段
Hosts at these engagements served high-quality teas and exquisite snacks on luxurious, low tables. This explains why we now refer to the custom as “low tea.” Despite the word “low,” low tea is clearly characteristic of British high culture.
這些聚會的主人在奢華的矮桌上供應上等茶以及精緻的點心。這解釋了為什麼我們現在把這個習俗說成「矮茶」。雖然有「矮」字，矮茶明顯的是英國上流文化的特色。
分析與解析
-
Hosts at these engagements…
- host 主人。
-
This explains why…
- refer to A as B 把 A 稱為 B。
-
Despite the word “low,”…
- despite 意思是「雖然」，後面接名詞或動名詞。
第四段
High tea, by comparison, functioned as one of the main meals during the day for the working class in northern England. In the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, people mostly worked in agriculture and ate their biggest meal at lunchtime. This was followed by a light supper in the evening. After the Industrial Revolution, however, laborers had started working longer hours in factories. These new work schedules made eating a big lunch not so convenient. When they got off work, they were starving. One would therefore often see workers having high tea immediately after work, usually between 5 and 7 p.m. This was an energy-packed meal with foods that were as filling as possible, such as meat, vegetables, fish, and pies. Strong black tea was served in ordinary teapots, and diners were seated on high-backed chairs at the dining table. This is where the term “high tea” comes from.
對照之下，高茶是英國北部工人階級一天的主餐之一。在十七世紀和十八世紀早期，大部分的人民務農，中餐吃得最豐盛，晚上就吃得清淡。然而，工業革命後，工人在工廠工作的時間開始變得較長。這些新的工作作息時間使中午吃大餐變得不太方便。他們下班後飢腸轆轆。因此，就看到工人下班後，通常是下午五點到七點之間，立刻享用高茶。這是能源補給的一餐，其中的食物都是盡可能的紮實，例如肉類、蔬菜、魚類、派餅。一般的茶壺裝著濃紅茶，用餐者在餐桌旁坐在靠背高的椅子。這正是「高茶」一詞的起源處。
分析與解析
-
High tea, by comparison…
- by comparison 意思是「對照之下」。
-
After the Industrial Revolution…
- however 為轉承詞，表示與上文邏輯衝突的發展。
-
When they got off work…
- get off work 下班。
-
This was an energy-packed meal…
- an energy-packed meal 來自 a meal that is packed with energy（富含能量的一餐）。
第五段
Research shows that, on average, each Briton drinks 3.5 cups of tea a day. This indicates that teatime has become a fundamental part of British culture. While high tea remains restricted to northern England, afternoon tea is a way of life all across the country, and people now enjoy it in just about every corner of the world.
研究顯示，平均說來，每位英國人一天喝了3.5杯的茶。這指明午茶時間已經成為英國文化的基本部分。雖然高茶仍然只在英國北部流行，下午茶則是全英國的一種生活方式。現在幾乎世界各地，人們都喜愛下午茶。
分析與解析
-
Research shows that…
- on average 平均而言。
-
While high tea remains restricted to…
- remain 為連綴動詞，後面接形容詞或名詞，作主詞補語。
-
afternoon tea is a way of life…
- across（遍及）+地點= throughout +地點。
生字與例句
-
delightful /dɪˈlaɪt.fəl/
- adj. 令人愉快的
- 例句: Steve was glad that the party was such a success. It was delightful to see everyone enjoying themselves so much!
- Steve 很高興派對辦得很成功。看見每個人都玩得很開心，是一件令人愉快的事。
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typically /ˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl.i/
- adv. 一般而言
- 例句: Traffic lights typically have just three colors: red, yellow, and green.
- 一般而言，交通號誌燈只有三種顏色：紅色、黃色和綠色。
-
affair /əˈfer/
- n. [C] 活動；事件
- 例句: Emma wants to make her wedding a truly grand affair, so she has dedicated a lot of time to preparing for it.
- Emma 想要把她的婚禮作成真正盛大的活動，所以她已經花了很多時間準備。
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spread /spred/
- v. 傳播 (spread- spread- spreading)
- 例句: The rumor about the movie star’s death spread rapidly all over the country.
- 關於這位電影明星身亡的傳言快速地傳遍整個國家。
-
host /hoʊst/
- n. [C] 主人
- 例句: After greeting everyone and saying a few words of welcome, the host showed the guests to the dining room.
- 主人和每個客人打招呼，說了幾句迎賓詞之後，就帶他們去飯廳。
-
quality /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.ti/
- n. [U] 品質
- 例句: I can assure you that this necklace is of the highest quality.
- 我可以向你保證，這串項鍊擁有最高的品質。
-
exquisite /ɪkˈskwɪz.ɪt/
- adj. 精緻的
- 例句: This exquisite vase was made by a master potter from China in the sixteenth century.
- 這個精緻的花瓶是十六世紀由來自中國的一位陶藝大師所製作。
-
luxurious /lʌɡˈʒʊə.ri.əs/
- adj. 奢華的
- 例句: Joey bought a luxurious house near the beach. It has an outdoor swimming pool and four big bedrooms.
- Joey 買了一棟靠近海邊的豪宅，裡面有游泳池及四間大臥房。
-
characteristic /ˌkær.ɪk.təˈrɪs.tɪk/
- adj. 獨特的
- 例句: Large farms are characteristic of the northern part of this country.
- 廣大的農場是這個國家北部的特色。
-
supper /ˈsʌp.ər/
- n. [C] 晚餐
- 例句: Mr. and Mrs. Banks always walk their dog in the park after having an early supper.
- Banks 夫婦總是在早早吃完晚餐後到公園遛狗。
-
starving /ˈstɑː.vɪŋ/
- adj. 非常飢餓的
- 例句: After swimming in the lake for five hours, the young men were starving, and each of them ordered two pizzas.
- 在湖裡游泳五個小時後，這群年輕人餓昏了，每個人都叫了兩份披薩。
-
energy /ˈen.ə.dʒi/
- n. [U] 能量；精力
- 例句: All the machines in this factory are powered by wind energy.
- 這家工廠所有的機器都是以風力作動力。
-
fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmen.təl/
- adj. 重要的；基礎的
- 例句: Healthy food and clean living conditions are fundamental to having a good life.
- 健康的食物以及乾淨的生活環境是擁有美好生活的基礎。
-
restricted /rɪˈstrɪk.tɪd/
- adj. 受限的
- 例句: Entrance to the temple is restricted to those who are dressed appropriately.
- 這座廟宇只限那些穿著得體的人才能進入。
片語及慣用語
-
hear of 聽說過
- 例句: I have never heard of mammals that only have one eye.
- 我從未聽說過只有一隻眼睛的哺乳類動物。
-
make it (to…) 成功（做到或抵達…）
- 例句: With only two miles to go, the hikers were sure they would make it back to the camp before dark.
- 只剩兩哩路了，登山客確定他們會在天黑前回到營地。
-
ask for 要求；請求
- 例句: Lucas wrote an email to the school office to ask for information about the scholarship.
- Lucas 寫了一封電子郵件給學校的辦公室，詢問關於獎學金的資訊。
-
invite someone over 邀請某人到家裡
- 例句: Amy invited Lee and his fiancée over for dinner to celebrate their engagement.
- Amy 邀請 Lee 和他的未婚妻來家裡吃晚餐，慶祝他們訂婚。
-
refer to 稱呼
- 例句: Billy likes to be referred to as “Doctor Cooper” when he’s at work.
- Billy 上班時，喜歡被人稱呼為「Cooper 醫生」。
-
as … as possible 儘可能
- 例句: In the event of a fire, get out of the building as quickly as possible and then call for help.
- 一旦發生火災，儘快離開建築物，然後求援。
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